奶牛及奶牛产品.pptVIP

低钙日粮 负钙平衡 PTH提前释放 破骨细胞 肾重吸收尿钙 肾产生活性VD3 维持血钙平衡 产前低钙日粮防止产后低血钙的原理 Hy?D? (绕过肝脏) OH HO 25–OH–D3 阳光 维生素D3 7-脱氢胆固醇 肠道 吸收 (主动：被动) D-结合蛋白 肝脏 25–羟基胆钙化醇 肾脏 生物活性激素样维生素D3 肠道 肾脏 骨骼 排泄 骨骼动态平衡 1,25–二羟基胆钙化醇 24,25–二羟基胆钙化醇 正常的维生素D3代谢过程 骨 (刺激成骨细胞和破骨细胞动员钙) 肾 脏 (肾对钙的重吸收) 肠道 (刺激钙的吸收) 1a, 25-(OH)2-D3 血浆 Ca2+ 1a, 25-(OH)2-D3 甲状旁腺激素 Hy-D对维生素D和钙的动态平衡的调节 降钙素 产后低血钙 子宫肌肉韧性丧失 胎衣不下 PTH活性降低 产前低镁日粮 PTH的释放减少 产前高钙日粮 产前阳离子多 代谢性碱中毒 高的镁离子浓度对胎衣不下的影响 更重要的是 HYD可以直接通过胎盘，进入胎儿的血液循环。 1、促进胎儿的骨骼发育，提高犊牛的初生重。 2、增加犊牛断奶成活率。 3、提高骨密度，给牛提供一幅好骨架，为将来体格发育打下坚实的基础。 投入与产出 7450使用方法：干奶期精料5％添加， 产后至配种精料3％添加。 投入：干奶期 4×5％×60×8.8＝105.6 （元） 产后90天 10×3％×8.8×90＝237.6 （元） 产出：至少缩短一个情期的空怀 28×22×2.8＝1724.8（元） 效益：1724.8－237.6＝1487.2 或者237.6/2.8/22=3.85(天) 谢谢 * * * * Baldi A, Savoini G, Pinotti L, Monfardini E, Cheli F, DellOrto V. “Effects of vitamin E and different energy sources on vitamin E status, milk quality and reproduction in transition cows”. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2000 Dec; 47(10): 599-608. The effect of whether vitamin E supplementation and supplemental energy sources (fat or starch) influenced plasma and milk levels of vitamin E, and reproductive and other parameters in 28 Italian Friesian multiparous dry cows were investigated. From 14 days before expected calving to 7 days after, the animals were assigned to either basal diet (containing 1000 IU/day of vitamin E) or an extra 1000 IU/day of vitamin E (total 2000 IU). In addition they received either 0.5 kg/day of corn or 0.2 kg/day of calcium soaps. Plasma samples were collected 4 days before expected calving and 4 days after calving and analysed for alpha-tocopherol and cholesterol. Milk yield as well as the composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and alpha-tocopherol of milk were determined 7 and 14 days after calving. Milk yield and composition were unaffected by treatments. SCC was significantly lower in (SCC Log 4.62 versus Log 5.1, P 0.01) 2000 IU/day animals than in the 10