土木工程专业英语Unit 11 Railway Engineering.ppt

Unit 11 Railway Engineering 铁路工程 PartⅠ Introduction to Rail Engineering Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of railway systems. It encompasses(包含/包括) a wide range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production engineering. Rail track The track on a railway or railroad, also known as the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. Track structure Traditional track structure Advantages: low construction costs, high elasticity, high noise absorption or a high maintainability at relatively low costs. Disadvantages: heavy demand for maintenance, the ballast(道渣/碎石) can be churned up(溅起来) at high speeds, which may cause serious damages to rails and wheels. ballastless tracks Advantages: stable track position, long life cycles, top speed, ride comfort, practically no maintenance and great load-carrying capability. Jointed track In the traditional method, jointed tracks are made using lengths of rails, usually around 20 m long in the UK and 11.9 or 23.8 m long in North America, bolted together using perforated steel plates known as fishplates or joint bars. fishplates Fishplates are usually 600 mm long, used in pairs either side of the rail ends and bolted together with four or six bolts per joint. Continuously welded rail (CRW) CWR refers to the way in which rails are joined to form track. Through CWR, rails are welded together to form one uninterrupted rail that may be several miles long. Flash butt welding Flash butt welding is a technique for joining segments of metal rail or pipe. It often involves an automated track-laying machine running a strong electrical current through the touching ends of two unjoined pieces of rail. Track gauge Track