8种基本时态及其被动结构.docVIP

PAGE 英语8种基本时态 英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。 二．种类和用法： 1．一般现在时：表示现在或现阶段经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。 一般现在时常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。 We go shopping once a week. He goes to work by bike every day. The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound . ※ 一般现在时第三人称单数动词的变化形式。 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s . comecomes speakspeaks b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es. dodoes passpasses watchwatches c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es. studystudies crycries d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s. playplays staystays 2．一般过去时: 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态 I was a student 6 years ago. I went to Beijing last year. ※ 动词过去式变化规则。 a)一般情况下的词加-ed. workworked callcalled b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d . livelived changechanged c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed. studystudied carrycarried d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-ed. playplayed staystayed e) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的（x除外）动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed. stopstopped preferpreferred f)动词不规则变化：参照不规则动词表 3．一般将来时 : 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的结构是“will+do（动词原形）”。 I will go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next week. ※ 一般将来时的其他表达法 (1) be going to do，表示“打算或即将做某事”。 Tom is going to buy a new car. (2) be to do 如：The children are to learn English next week. (3) be about to do 如：The train is about to start. (4) 用现在进行时表示，多与表示移动的动词come, go, leave, fly等连用。 The bus is coming soon. He is leaving for London tomorrow. (5) 用一般现在时表示, 下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等的一般现在时表将来。主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的将要发生的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 4．过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，其常用的结构是“would+do”主要用于宾语从句中。 He said that he would have a meeting next week. They said we would leave school tomorrow. 5．现在进行时 1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。基本结构：be(am, is, are)+ v-ing I am listening to the radio now. She is writing a letter this year. Look! They are dancing. 2）动词现在分词的构成 ①??? 一般动词直接在词后加-ing read – reading work – working 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加