国际贸易英文重点名词解释整理.docxVIP

Immiserizing growth: the situation where a nation’s terms of trade deteriorate so much as a result of growth that the nation is worse off after growth than before,even if growth without trade tends to improve the nation’s welfare. H-O theory：the theory that postulates that (a) a nation exports commodities intensive in its relatively abundant and cheap factor and (b) international trade brings about equalization in returns to homogeneous factors across countries. Factor-price equalization theorem: the part of the H-O theory that predicts,under highly restrictive assumptions,that international trade will bring about equalization in relative and absolute returns to homogeneous factors across nations. Stolper-Samuelson theorem: it postulates that free international trade reduces the real income of the nation’s relatively scarce factor and increases the real income of the nation’s relatively abundant factor. Specific-factors model:the model to analyze the effect of a change in commodity price on the returns of factors in a nation when at least one factor is not mobile between industries. Leontief paradox:the empirical finding that U.S. Import substitutes were more K intensive than U.S. Exports.this is contrary to the H-O trade model,which predicts that ,as the most K- abundant nation,the United States should import L-intensive products and export K-intensive products. Differentiated products:the somewhat different products(such as automobiles)produced by different manufacturers in the same industry or general product group. Intra-industry trade:international trade in the differentiated products of the same industry or broad product group. Product cycle model:the hypothesis,advanced by Vernon,that new products introduced by industrial nations and produced with skilled labor eventually become standardized and can be produced in other nations with less skilled labor. (13)optimum tariff: the tariff that maximizes the net benefit resulting from improvement in the nation’s te