系统功能语言学 人际纯理功能.ppt

Interacting: the interpersonal metafunction; “The speaker uses specific language structures as the means of social communication to involve the speech event: the expressions of his comments, his attitudes, his evaluations, and also the relationship he sets up between himself and the listener, which are decided by different communication roles he adopts, like informing, questioning, persuading”. (Halliday, 2000:69) ; the most important sociological use of language is the interpersonal function, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society. In the framework of the function grammar, this function is concerned with interaction between the addresser and addressee in the discourse situation and the addressees attitude toward what he speaks or writes about. ;Roles of addressers and audience;four basic speech roles;The usual labels for these functions are: statement; question; offer; and command three of these basic functions are closely associated with particular grammatical structures: statements ------ declarative clauses questions ------ interrogative clauses commands ------ imperative clauses;Mood;The Subject is realised by a nominal group that the speaker gives responsibility to for the validity of the clause. The Finite is realised by the first of the verbal group to express tense and modality (The rest of the verbal group is the Predicator, which forms part of the Residue.) A clause thus consists of Mood+Residue. ;Identifying Subject and Finite;Meanings of Subject and Finite;Mood in non-declarative clauses;WH-interrogative with WH-element as Subject In exclamative clauses;Mood in imperative clauses (unmarked);The Residue;Predicator expressed by the rest of the verbal group apart from the Finite.(the Finite is not a part of the Predicator, the Predicator itself in non-finite) express the process - the action, happening, state, etc. three other functions: to specify secondary tense; to specify various o