微观经济学英文版名词解释超详细.pdfVIP

微观经济学名词解释 1 Chapter 1 business fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and cycle 经 production 济周期 economi cs 经济学 ; the study of how society manages its scarce 缺乏的，罕见的 经济，国家 resources 的经济状 况 efficienc y n. 功效 ; 效率，效 the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce 能; 实力， resources 能力 ; [ 物] 性 能; equality n . 同等，平 the property of distributing economic prosperity uniformly 等; [ 数] among the members of society 相等，等 式; externalit y[,ekst ?? the uncompensated impact of one person ’s actions on the n? l?t?] 外 well-being of a bystander 旁观者 ; 局外人 ; 看热闹的人 部性 incentive something that induces a person to act Inflation[ ? an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy nfle ??(?)n] marginal small incremental 增加的 adjustments to a plan of action changes market an economy that allocates resources through the economy decentralized 权力分散 ; 人口疏散 ; 密度分散 ; decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services market a situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate 分 failure 配，分派 ; 把…拨给 ; 英[??l? ke ?t] resources efficiently market the ability of a single economic actor (or small group of actors) power to have a substantial influence on market prices opportun whatever must be given up to obtain some item 2 ity cost producti the quantity of goods and services produced from each unit of vity labor input Chapter 2 circular-flow a visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow diagram through markets among households 家庭 ; 家庭，户 and firms macroecono mics [,