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外文原文 Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer Th e si ng le - ch i p mi cr oc ompu ter is t he d ev el op ment o f th e d ig it al com put er an a r gu ab ly th e t ow m os t s i gn if ic ant i nv en ti [ 1].  t he c ul mi nat i on o f bo th d t he int e gr at ed ci rc ui t on s o f t he 2 0t h c en tury Th es e to w typ es of a rc hi te ctu r e ar e fo un d i n s in gl e - ch ip mi cr oc ompu te r. So me empl oy t he sp l it p ro gr am/d ata memory o f th e Harv ar d ar ch it ect u re , sh own in Fi g.3 -5 A- 1, o th ers fo ll ow t he p hil os op hy , wi del y a da pt ed f or ge ner al -p ur po se co mpu te rs a nd mi cr op ro ce ss o r s, of ma ki ng no lo gi c al di st in ct io n be tw ee n p ro gram a nd da ta m emor y a s i n th e Pr in cet on ar ch it ec tu re, sh own in Fi g. 3 - 5A-2. In g en er al te r ms a s in gl e - chi p m ic ro co mput er i s c har ac te ri ze d b y th e i nc or po ra tio n of al l t he uni t s o f a co mput er i nto a s in gl e dev i ce , as s ho wn in Fi g3 -5 A- 3. Program memory Input CPU Output unit Data memory Fig.3-5A-1 A Harvard type Input memory CPU Output unit Fig.3-5A-2. A conventional Princeton computer External System Timer/ Timing clock Counter components Serial I/O Reset Interrupts Power  ROM Prarallel I/O RAM CPU Fig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputer Read only memory (ROM) .R OMi s u su al ly f or th e p er mane nt , n on- vo la ti le s tor a ge o f an a pp lic a ti on s pr og ra m . Man y mi cr oc ompu te rs an d mi cr oc on tr ol le r s a re in t en de d fo r h ig h - v olume a ppl ic at i ons a nd h en ce t he e co nomi ca l ma nu fa ct ure of t he d ev ic es r equ ir es t ha t the co nt en ts o f the pr og ra m memory be co mmit te d p erm an en tl y d ur in g th e man uf ac tu re o f c hi ps . Cl ear l y, th is im pl ies a ri gor ou s a pp roa ch t o R OMco de d eve lo pmen t s in ce c ha ng es ca nnot b e m a de af te r manu fa ct ur e .T hi s d e ve lo pmen t pr oce s s may in