高中高三语法——补语.ppt

补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的, 起补充说明作用的成份。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作补语。  一、主语补足语 名词 I was thought a genius. At the meeting he was elected monitor. 2. 形容词 The bottle was found empty. 3. 副词 He was called back. 3. 不定式（to do） We are not allowed to play football on the street. He was made to copy the sentence. 4. 现在分词（-ing） Tom was found lying in the bed. He was heard singing in the hall. 5. 过去分词（-ed） His face was seen reflected in the water. The news was heard spoken of in the next room. 一、宾语补足语 名词 Everyone thinks me a genius. At the meeting we elected him monitor. 2. 形容词 I found the bottle empty. What you said made him angry. 3. 副词 Please call him back. He took his cap off. 3. 不定式（to do） The teacher don’t allow us to play football on the street. We made him copy the sentence. (使役动词省to) 4. 现在分词（-ing） I found Tom lying in the bed. We hear him singing in the hall. 5. 过去分词（-ed） He saw his face reflected in the water. I heard it spoken of in the next room. Attention ：非谓语充当补语 一．带to的不定式（ to do ） 作宾补的动词常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer 等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。 The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 二. 在使役动词，如make, let, have后，作宾补的不定式不带to，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。 Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry 2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (全国卷) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 三．在感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice，observe 等后面，当宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的不定式(全过程)，或者-ing作宾补(正在发生)；是被动关系时，用过去分词作宾补。 They knew her very well. T