台湾清华大学生命科学第三十讲(李家维教授).pptVIP

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Overview: Welcome to Your Kingdom • The animal kingdom extends far beyond humans and other animals we may encounter • 1.3 million living species of animals have been identified Video: Coral Reef Fig. 32-1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings • There are exceptions to nearly every criterion for distinguishing animals from other life-forms • Several characteristics, taken together, sufficiently define the group Concept 32.1: Animal are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Nutritional Mode • Animals are heterotrophs that ingest their food Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Cell Structure and Specialization • Animals are multicellular eukaryotes • Their cells lack cell walls • Their bodies are held together by structural proteins such as collagen • Nervous tissue and muscle tissue are unique to animals Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Reproduction and Development • Most animals reproduce sexually, with the diploid stage usually dominating the life cycle • After a sperm fertilizes an egg, the zygote undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage • Cleavage leads to formation of a blastula • The blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming a gastrula with different layers of embryonic tissues Video: Sea Urchin Embryonic Development Fig. 32-2-1 Zygote Cleavage Eight-cell stage Fig. 32-2-2 Zygote Cleavage Eight-cell