分子生物学-07转座子与DNA重排.pptVIP

Molecular Biology Biotechnology Institute Hu Dongwei hudw@zju.edu.cn Chpt 4. DNA rearrangement Site-specific Recombination   ? bacteriophage l Recombination occurs in specific DNA sequences, which are recognized by proteins. Lytic and lysogenic pathways of bateriophage l Integration of l DNA by site-specific recombination ? Immuno-DNA recombination Structure of an immunoglobilin ? Transposon: DNA intermediated Bacterial Transposon Inserted sequence (IS，插入序列): the simple transposition modules The IS elements are normal constituents of bacterial chromosomes and plasmids. A standard strain of E. coli is likely to contain several (10) copies of any one of the more common IS elements. To describe an insertion into a particular site, a double colon is used; so λ::IS1 describes an IS1 element inserted into phage lambda. The IS elements are autonomous units, each of which codes only for the proteins needed to sponsor its own transposition. Each IS element is different in sequence, but there are some common features in organization. The inverted repeats define the ends of a transposon. Recognition of the ends is common to transposition events sponsored by all types of transposon. Cis-acting mutations that prevent transposition are located in the ends, which are recognized by a protein(s) (transposase) responsible for transposition. All the IS elements except IS1 contain a single long coding region, coding for the transposase. IS1 has two separate reading frames; the transposase is produced by making a frameshift during translation to allow both reading frames to be used. The frequency of transposition varies among different elements. The overall rate of transposition is ~10-3—10-4 per element per generation. Composite transposons: have IS modules A functional IS module can transpose either itself or the entire transposon. Composite transposons evolved when two originally independent modules associated with the central region. Two IS elements i