【初三系列复习资料(4)数词、冠词考点集汇,讲解和训练.[原创][全套]】.doc

初三系列复习资料(4数词、冠词考点集汇,讲解和训练 四、冠词和数词 【考点直击】 1.不定冠词a与an的用法 2.定冠词the的用法 3."零"冠词 4.基数词的用法 5.序数词的用法 【名师点睛】 一. 冠词的用法 冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。 1. 不定冠词的用法 (1 a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如: John is a student. Mary is an English teacher. (2 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如: A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple, please. (3 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或和物。例如: A student wants to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. (4 表示“每一”的意思,相当于every。例如: Take the medicine three times a day. They go to see their parents once a week. 2. 定冠词用法 (1 特指某(些人或某(些事物。例如: The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. (2 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如: Open the door, please. Jack is in the library. (3 上文提到过的人或事物。例如: Y esterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan. (4 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (5 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如: Shanghai is the biggest city in China. January is the first month of the year. (6 用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如: The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. (7 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如: the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。 (8 用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇”。例如: the Browns, the whites等。 3. 不用冠词的情况 (1 某些专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如: China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。 (2 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时,不用冠词。例如: That is my cap. I have some questions. Go down this street. (3 复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。 They are workers. We are students. (4 称呼语前不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如: I don’t feel well today, Mother. Bush was made president of the U.S. (5 三餐饭的名称前,球类活动,学科和节目名词前,常不用冠词。例如: I have lunch at home. He often plays football after class. We have English and maths every day. (6 在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。例如: By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。 二. 数词的用法 数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。 1. 基数词的用法 (1 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如: Thirty of them are Party members.(主语 --- How many would yo