chapter_09 健康保险市场.ppt

Social Insurance Social insurance - government programs that provide insurance to protect against adverse events Examples Medicaid Medicare Social Security Unemployment Compensation How Health Insurance Works Insurance premium Expected Value Expected value (EV) = probability of outcome 1) * (Payout in outcome 1) + probability of outcome 2)*(Payout in outcome 2) + … + (probability of outcome n)*(Payout in outcome n) Expected Value Computation Why Buy Insurance? Why People Buy Insurance Do People Buy Insurance with Loading Fees? The Role of Risk Pooling Insurance in a small population Insurance in a large population Law of large numbers Adverse Selection in the Health Insurance Market Asymmetric information Asymmetric Information and Adverse Selection Does Adverse Selection Justify Government Intervention? Experience rating Experience rating and equity Community rating Insurance and Moral Hazard Moral hazard Deductible Co-payment Co-insurance Moral Hazard Health Care Expenditures and Health Outcomes Additional Considerations The Elasticity of Demand for Medical Services Does Moral Hazard Justify Government Intervention? Third Party Payment Other Market Failures in the Health Care Market Information Problems Externalities Do We Want Efficient Provision of Health Care? Paternalism The Problem of the Uninsured Who are the uninsured? Does health insurance improve health High Health Care Costs Causes of Health Care Cost Inflation The Graying of America Income Growth Improvements in Quality Commodity Egalitarianism 9-* McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright ? 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Axes and labels 1st click – Dm 2nd click – Sm, 3rd click - brown rectangle 4th click - .2P0 5th click - gray rectangle 6th click – deadweight loss triangle 7th click – “Flat-of-the-curve medicine” SOURCE: US Census Bureau [2006, pp. 98, 443], and National Income and Product Accounts (/bea/dn/nipaweb/index.asp. Draw cards from deck of cards Draw heart and receive $12 Dr