【工艺技术）万吨年常减压蒸馏装置工艺设计.doc

（工艺技术）万吨年常减压蒸馏装置工艺设计 400万吨/年常减压蒸馏装置工艺设计 摘要 随着原油供需矛盾趋紧和原油价格持续走高，中国石化炼油企业原油采购日益重质化，造成部分常减压蒸馏装置的减压系统超负荷，蜡渣油分割不清，蜡油馏分流失到渣油当中，渣油量的增大又造成炼油厂重油装置能力吃紧和不必要的能量消耗，部分企业还不得以出售渣油，削弱了加工重质原油的应有效益。为了缓解加工原油变重对二次加工装置的影响，提高重油加工装置的营运水平，充分发挥原油采购重质化的效益，提高蒸馏装置减压系统的拔出水平显得尤为重要。 常压蒸馏是石油加工的“龙头装置”，后续二次加工装置的原料，及产品都是由常减压蒸馏装置提供。常减压蒸馏主要是通过精馏过程，在常压和减压的条件下，根据各组分相对挥发度的不同，在塔盘上汽液两相进行逆向接触、传质传热，经过多次汽化和多次冷凝，将原油中的汽、煤、柴馏分切割出来，生产合格的汽油、煤油、柴油及蜡油及渣油等。 本文以400万吨/年常减压蒸馏装置为例，着重介绍了大港原油的炼制。以及常减压装置的生产流程和设计计算方法等。 关键词：精馏过程；传质传热；汽液两相 ABSTRACT Withcrudeoil,thecontradictionbetweensupplyanddemandandcontinuingtighteningcrudeoilpriceshigh,Chinapetrochemicalrefiningenterprisecrudeoilpurchasingincreasinglyheavyqualitative,causedpartoftenvacuumdistillationdevicepressuresystemoverload,wax,residualsegmentationisnotclear,oilfractionsoflosstotheresidue,residualamountofincreaseandcausedheavyoilrefinerycapacityandunnecessarydevicetightenergyconsumption,partoftheenterprisealsoshallnotsellresidual,weakentheprocessingofheavyoilshouldbenefit.Inordertoalleviateprocessingcrudeoilweighttotheinfluenceoftwoprocessingequipment,improvetheservicelevelofheavyoilprocessingdevice,givefullplaytopurchaseheavycrudeoilqualitativebenefits,andimprovethesystemofthereducedpressuredistillationunitdrawlevelisparticularlyimportant. Atmosphericdistillationisoilprocessing"leadingdevice",thesubsequenttwoprocessingdeviceofrawmaterials,andproductsareoftenprovidedbyvacuumdistillationdevice.Oftenvacuumdistillationismainlythroughthedistillationprocessinatmosphericpressureandreducedpressureconditions,accordingtothevariouscomponentsoftherelativevolatilityfordifferent,inthetraysaicliquidtwophasetoreversecontact,masstransferheattransfer,aftermanyvaporizingandmultiplecondensing,crudeoil,coal,andthesteamwoodcuttingoutthefraction,productionqualifiedgasoline,kerosene,dieseloilandoilandresidual,etc. Thispaperwiththe4milliontons/yearoftenvacuumdistillationunitasanexample,thispaperintroducestheportofcrudeoilrefining.Andoftenpressure-reliefdevicemanufacturingprocessesanddesignca