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IEEEANTENNASANDWIRELESSPROPAGATIONLETTERS,VOL.5,2006247
RFTagAntennaPerformanceonVariousMaterials
UsingRadioLinkBudgets
JoshuaD.Grif?n,StudentMember,IEEE,GregoryD.Durgin,Member,IEEE,AndreasHaldi,and
BernardKippelen,SeniorMember,IEEE
Abstract—Passiveradiofrequency(RF)tagsintheUHFandmicrowavebandshavedrawnconsiderableattentionbecauseoftheirgreatpotentialforuseinmanyradiofrequencyidenti?ca-tion(RFID)applications.However,morebasicresearchisneededtoincreasetherangeandreliabilityofapassiveRFtag’sradiolink,particularlywhentheRFtagisplacedontoanylossydielec-tricormetallicsurface.ThispaperpresentstwonewusefulformsoftheradiolinkbudgetthatdescribethepowerlinkofanRFtagsystemwhenthetagisattachedtoanobject.Theseradiolinkbud-getsaredependentuponthegainpenalty,atermwhichquanti?esthereductioninRFtagantennagainduetomaterialattachment.Aseriesofmeasurements,orradioassay,wasusedtomeasurethefar-?eldgainpatternandgainpenaltyofseveral?exible915MHzantennaswhenattachedtocardboard,pineplywood,acrylic,deionizedwater,ethyleneglycol,groundbeef,andanaluminumslab.Itisshownthatthegainpenaltyduetomaterialattachmentcanresultinmorethan20dBofexcesslossinthebackscattercom-municationlink.
IndexTerms—Antennagainpatterns,antennameasurements,linkbudget,materialproperties,radiofrequencyidenti?cation(RFID),radiofrequency(RF)tag.
RFtagperformanceisaffectedbymanyfactors,includingtheelectromagneticpropertiesofobjectsnearorincontactwiththetagantenna.Althoughlittleliteraturehasbeenpublishedonthistopic,FosterandBurberry[3]haveperformedbasicmea-surementsofanantennanearseveralobjects.Raumonenetal.[4]havestudiedasimilarproblemthroughsimulation.DobkinandWeigand[5]havealsoexperimentallyshownadecreaseinthereadrangeofseveralRFtagsnearametalplateandawater?lledcontaineralongwithchangesintheRFtagantennainputimpedancenearmetal.
ThispaperpresentsnewformsofthepowerandbackscattercommunicationradiolinkbudgetsthatallowtheRFtagdesignertoquantifytheeffectsofRFtagmaterialattachment.Animpor-tanttermintheseradiolinkbudgetsisthegainpena
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