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POLICY BRIEF
A RETURN TO AFRICA: WHY NORTH
AFRICAN STATES ARE LOOKING SOUTH
Anthony Dworkin
July 2020
SUMMARY
North African countries, each for their own reasons, are increasingly turning their
attention towards sub-Saharan Africa.
Morocco is pursuing a comprehensive campaign to increase its influence and win support
with regard to Western Sahara.
Algeria may be showing new flexibility in its response to security threats to its south.
Tunisia is beginning to look for new economic opportunities in Africa.
Egypt is responding to a series of strategic concerns, particularly over the waters of the
Nile.
Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia are also all dealing with increased migration flows, with
migrants seeking to work on their territories or pass through it to reach Europe.
This North African turn to sub-Saharan Africa offers opportunities for European
cooperation. But the EU should be aware of the distinctive agendas of North African
countries and the reservations that their initiatives engender in some countries.
Introduction
European policymakers have generally looked at North Africa through a
Mediterranean lens. Since at least the Barcelona process of Euro-Mediterranean
partnership was launched in 1995, European nations have seen the countries on
the Mediterraneans southern shore, from Morocco to Egypt, primarily in the
context of their own neighbourhood. Behind this approach rests a history of close
links stretching back through the colonial period as well as deep economic
relations; Europe is the most important trading partner and investor for the
majority of these countries.
But this vision of North Africa, which was always too simpli
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