电催化的应用与前景.pdf

电催化的应用与前景 摘要 现在世界各国现代工业发展迅猛 , 对能源的需求量也随之急剧增加 , 但二 十世纪末以来， 我们却面临巨大的能源危机， 以及日益严重的环境污染问题， 因 而节约有限能源、治理污染是当务之急。 电催化科学的研究恰好适应了这种要求。 电化学科学是以研究如何加速电极上电催化反应速度。 降低电极电位为研究内容 , 与节能降耗密切相关 , 特别是在强电流电解过程中的节能 , 采用电催化电极更是 起了巨大的作用。目前对能源利用、燃料电池和某些化学反应（如丙烯腈二聚、 分子氧还原） 的电催化作用研究得较深入， 今后在开拓精细有机合成方面可能会 得到较大的进展， 特别是对那些与电子得失有关的氧化还原反应。 本文将主要介 绍电催化在有机污水的处理和燃料电池中的研究应用现状， 以及对未来发展的展 望。 关键词 电催化 有机污水 燃料电池 催化氧化 Abstract nowworld modern industry is developing rapidly, the demandof energy is increasing rapidly along with it, but since the end of the 20th century, we are faced with enormous energy crisis, and increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, thereby saving energy Co., pollution abatement is the urgent affairs. The research of electro catalytic science has just adapted to this requirement. Electrochemical Science is to study how to accelerate the speed of electro catalytic reaction on the electrode. Lowering the electrode potential is closely related to the energy saving and consumption reduction, especially in the process of strong current electrolysis. Currently the use of energy, fuel cell and somechemical reactions (such as acrylonitrile dimer, reduction of molecular oxygen) electrocatalysis study deeply, the future develop fine organic synthesis may get great progress in, especially for those with electron gain or loss in the oxidation reduction reaction. This paper will mainly introduce the present situation of the research and application of the electro catalysis in the treatment of organic sewage and the fuel cell, and the prospects for the future development. Keywordselectrocatalytic ，oxidation of organic waste water ， fuel cells ， catalytic oxidation 1.1 污水的电催化处理 随着世