组织学与胚胎学英文课件------e12.ppt

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Chapter 12 Endocrine System 1.?????? Components: ---small gland or endocrine cell: islet of pancreas and corpus luteum ---endocrine gland: Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pituitary gland(hypophysis) Pineal body 2.??? General structure ---capsule: CT ---parenchyma: endocrine cells arranged into nest, cord, cluster or follicle, secrete hormones ---interstitium: CT, rich in capillaries * According to hormones ---nitrogenous-hormone secreting cell: RER Golgi secretory granules ---steroid-hormone secreting cell: SER mitochondria: with tubular-vesicular cristae lipid droplet: raw materials 3. Thyroid gland ---largest endocrine gland, 15-40g ---two-lobes, connect to each other by isthmus 1)????? General structure: ---capsule of LCT: insert into parenchyma to separate them into lobules ---parenchyma: lobules follicles interstitium: CT 2)????? follicle: ---spherical, 0.02-0.9mm ---epi + colloid ① Epithelium: simple cuboidal epi ---structure: LM: cuboidal: flattened(inactive) or columnar ( more active) basophilic cytoplasm spherical centrally-located N EM: microvilli RER, Golgi, secretory granules lysosome, endocytotic vesicles ---function: synthesize and release thyroid hormones thyroxine(T4) triiodothyronine(T3) a. processes: i.???synthesis of thyroglobulin ii.??Iodination of thyroglobulin iii.?Release of thyroid hormones b. function of thyroid hormones increase the basal metabolism rate promote the cell growth raise body temperature increase heart rate play a role in foetal and neonatal development of CNS ② Colloid: iodinated thyroglobulin HE: eosinophilic, homogeneous structure 3)????? parafollicular cell ---single between follicular cell ---in small groups in interstitial tissue ---structure: LM: /ovoid, polygonal /larger /pale-stained: eosinophilic /argyrophilic granules EM: /nitrogenous-hormone secreting cell feature

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