大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 5-3.doc

洛基英语 /wenkxd.htm 大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 5-3 Text B: Do Animals Think? A. New words: 1.engage: v 从事, engage in sth, His father engages in politics. 2.arrange: v 安排,筹划; arrangement: n, arrange sb to do sth. 3.creature: n 生物; create: v 产生 4.imitate: v 模仿; imitation : n 5.instinct: n 本能,直觉, by instinct The birds can fly by instinct. 6.variety: n 变化; vary: v 变化 7.unlike: prep 不像; dislike: v 不喜欢 B. Important phrases: 1.a great deal(1段2行); 2.be true with/of(1段3行)(3段4行); 3.as well(1段4行); 4.engage in(2段5行); 5.search for sth(4段2行); 6.in some respects(5段2行); 7.a great many(5段3行); 8.connect with(5段4行); 9.take care of(5段7行); 10.make improvement in sth(6段1行); 11.by instinct(7段3行); 12.speak of(8段1行); 13.a great variety of sth(8段3行); 14.no use doing sth(8段8行); 15.have no knowledge of sth(9段7行) C. Grammar point: 倒装句 1. The ants, hardworking as they are, have their times for play. 2. Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports. 3. Nor is this all. 我们知道,通常主语应该在谓语之前,这是自然语序,但有时出于某种需要,会对主谓的有特殊的要求,出现部分谓语或全部谓语置于主语之前,这样的语序称作倒装.今天介绍几种常见的倒装的情况. 1.当表示否定意义的词放在句首时,句子需部分倒装,即将助动词,情态动词或be提至主语之前.常见的这样的词有:never, hardly, little, not only, rarely, scarcely etc. e.g. Hardly had he said anything before he left. 2.only引出的状语放在句首时. a.only after class did he go home. b.only when you finish your homework can you watch TV. 3.句首为so, nor, neither等副词,表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句. a.He can speak fluent English. So can I. b.I can’t play computer games. Nor can he. 4.在as引导的让步状语从句中. 1>. adj + as + 主语 + be: Young as he is, he knows a lot. 2>. n(不带冠词) + as +主语 + be: King as he is, he is unhappy. 3>. adv + as + 主语 + 动词: Fast as you run, you can’t catch up with her. 4>. 动词 + as + 主语 + 助动词: Try as she does, she will never pass it. 5.当句子主语过长或需要强调某些词时. More important is the question of how to face the possibilities of illness, injury, and even death. 6.在非真实条件句中,若从句有had, should, were时将它们倒装到主语之前. a.If I had left earlier, I would have caught the train. = Had I left earlier, I would