贸易自由化与技能溢价——基于行业异质性视角的研究.pdf

贸易自由化与技能溢价:基于行业异质性视角的研究 摘 要 经济全球化是不可阻挡的根本趋势，要求资本、商品等流动畅通，而贸易自 由化对促进全球经济融合发展起到至关重要的作用。自加入WTO 后，中国对外 贸易额不断增长，2010 年我国已经跃居世界第二大经济体。不断推进的贸易自 由化进程促进了要素的跨区域流动，促进了经济的高速增长，然后随之而来也产 生了一些新的问题，如行业间收入不平等、技能溢价扩大。众所周知，收入差距 扩大可能会导致经济动荡，不利于经济的长期稳定增长。本文基于行业异质性的 视角，考察了贸易自由化对技能溢价的影响，分别研究了以最终商品关税和中间 品关税衡量的贸易自由化程度对制造业技能溢价水平的之间的关系。 本文首先对相关文献进行回顾，然后计算得出了2002-2016 年我国细分工业 行业的关税水平来衡量贸易自由化指标和技能溢价水平，接着构建了实证模型， 检验了贸易自由化与技能溢价之间的关系。实证结果表明，贸易自由化对技能溢 价有正向的促进作用，中间品贸易自由化对技能溢价的正向促进作用相较于最终 品贸易自由化的更大。随后基于行业异质性的视角再次进行实证检验，结果表明， 对于劳动密集型和资本密集型的行业，贸易自由化提高了技能溢价水平，而对于 技术密集型行业，贸易自由化降低了技能溢价水平。在稳健性检验方面，本文利 用进口渗透率替代关税进行实证检验，结果依然稳健。 关键词：贸易自由化；关税；技能溢价 IV TradeLiberalization and SkillPremium ABSTRACT Economic globalization is an irresistible fundamental trend, requiring smooth flow of capital and goods, among which trade liberalization plays an important role in promoting integrated development of the global economy. Since its accession to the WTO, China's foreign trade volume has been growing continuously, and China has become the second largest economy in the world in 2010. The continuous process of trade liberalization promoted the cross-regional flow of factors and promoted economic growth, and then it also created some new problems, such as income inequality between industries and the expansion of skills premium. As we all know, the widening income gap may lead to economic turbulence, which is not conducive to the long-term stable economic growth. Based on the perspective of industry heterogeneity, this paper investigates the influence of trade liberalization on skillpremium,and studiestherelationship between the degreeoftrade liberalization measured by final commodity tariff and intermediate commodity tariff and the level of skill premium in manufacturing industry. Thispaper firstly reviewsrelevant literatures,andthen calculatesthe