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REVIEW
published: 25 January 2019
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03072
β-Defensins:FarmingtheMicrobiome
for Homeostasis and Health
1* 2
KieranG.Meade andClionaO’Farrelly
1 Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland, 2 School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences
Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Diverse commensal populations are now regarded as key to physiological homeostasis
and protection against disease. Although bacteria are the most abundant component
of microbiomes, and the most intensively studied, the microbiome also consists of viral,
fungal, archael, and protozoan communities, about which comparatively little is known.
Host-defense peptides (HDPs), originally described as antimicrobial, now have renewed
significance as curators of the pervasive microbial loads required to maintain homeostasis
and manage microbiome diversity. Harnessing HDP biology to transition away from non-
selective, antibiotic-
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