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Medical Terminology (3)
The Respiratory System
呼吸系统
刘帅
研究生英语教研室(综合楼110)
Introduction of the Respiratory system
The main function of the respiratory system is to
rovide oxygen to body cells for energy metabolism and
to eliminate carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism
Because these gases must be carried to and from the
cells in the blood the respiratory system works closely
with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas
exchange.
The Lung
Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and
the blood takes place in the lungs two cone-shaped
organs located in the thoracic cavity. a double
membrane, the pleura(胸膜), covers the lungs an
ines the thoracic cavity. The outer layer that is
attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity is the
parietal pleura(胸膜壁层); the inner layer that is
attached to the surface of the lungs is the visceral
pleura(胸膜脏层). The very thin, fluid- filled
space between the two layers of the pleura is the
pleural space(胸膜腔).
Upper Respiratory Passageway
Air enters through the nose, where it is warmed
filtered, and moistened as it passes over the hair
covered mucous membranes of the nasal cavity
Cilia(!fE), microscopic hair-like projections from
the cells that line the nose, sweep dirt and foreign
material toward the throat for elimination material
that is eliminated from the respiratory tract by
coughing or clearing the throat is called sputum (k
Inhaled air passes into the throat, or pharynx (A),
where it mixes with air that enters through the
mouth and also with food destined for the digestive
tract. The pharynx is divided into three regions
(1)an upper portion, the nasopharynx (A p), behind the
nasal cavity; ( 2)a middle portion, the oropharynx (Aa),
behind the mouth and (3)a lower portion, the laryngeal
pharynx(喉咽), behind the larynx. The palatine tonsils(腭
扁桃体) are on either side of the soft palate(软腭) in the
oropharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids(咽扁桃体
) are in the nasopharynx.
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