资讯安全72资料教程.ppt

* 資訊安全Network Security Instructor: 孫宏民 hmsun@cs.nthu.edu.twRoom: EECS 6402, Tel:03-5742968, Fax : 886-3-572-3694 Textbook: C. Kaufman, R. Perlman, and M. Speciner, Network Security, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall PTR, 2002. Reference Books: 1. W. Ford, Computer Communications Security: principles, Standard Protocols, and Techniques, Prentice Hall, 1994. 2. W. Stallings, Network Security Essentials, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003. Grading Scheme: Project 50%, Paper 25%, Exams 25% Chapter 2 Introduction to Cryptography Instructor: 孫宏民 Cipher(Cryptosystem): secret method of writing Ciphertexts: An encrypted messages Sender Receiver Intruder Model of Conventional Cryptosystem Cryptography is the study of creating and using secret writing, or the art and science of keeping messages secure. Encryption (Enciphering): The encryption is the process of disguising a message in such a way as to hide its substance. Notation: C=E(M) or EK(M) or EK1(M) Decryption (Deciphering): The process of turning ciphertext back into plaintext. Notation: M=D(C) or DK(C) or DK2(C) Cryptanalysis: The art and science of breaking ciphertexts. Cryptographers v.s. Cryptanalysts Cryptology = Cryptography+ Cryptanalysis Four Basic Services of Cryptography Confidentiality (Secrecy): The intruder cannot read the encrypted message form the ciphertext. Authentication: It should be possible for the receiver of a message to ascertain its origin; an intruder should not be able to masquerade as someone else. Four Basic Services of Cryptography Integrity: It should be possible for the receiver of a message to verify that it has not been modified in transit; an intruder cannot substitute a false message for a legitimate one. Nonrepudiation: A sender should not be able to falsely deny later that he sent a message. 2.2 Breaking an Encryption Scheme(1) A cipher is breakable if it is possible to find plaintext or key from ciphertext, or to find the key from plaintext-ciphertext pairs.