欧洲建筑防火规范Introduction to Eurocode Structural Fire Engineering.ppt

1 Introduction to Eurocode Structural Fire Engineering Structural Steelwork Eurocodes 2 Strain (%) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Stress (N/mm 2 ) 0 300 250 200 150 100 50 20 ° C 200 ° C 300 ° C 400 ° C 500 ° C 600 ° C 700 ° C 800 ° C ? Steel softens progressively from 100-200 ° C up. ? Only 23% of ambient- temperature strength remains at 700 ° C. ? At 800 ° C strength reduced to 11% and at 900 ° C to 6%. ? Melts at about 1500 ° C. Steel stress-strain curves at high temperatures 3 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 1000 ° C 800 ° C 20 ° C 200 ° C 400 ° C 600 ° C Strain (%) Normalised stress ? Concrete also loses strength and stiffness from 100 ° C upwards. ? Does not regain strength on cooling. ? High temperature properties depend mainly on aggregate type used. Concrete stress-strain curves at high temperatures 4 The fire triangle Fuel + Oxidant = Combustion products CH 4 + O 2 = CO 2 + 2H 2 0 Reaction occurs when Oxygen/fuel mixture hot enough Heat Oxygen Fuel 5 Stages of a natural fire - and the standard fire test curve Cooling …. ISO834 standard fire curve Ignition - Smouldering Pre-Flashover Heating Post-Flashover 1000-1200 ° C Natural fire curve Time Temperature Flashover 6 The EC1 (ISO834) standard fire curve 300 100 200 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 Time (sec) Gas Temperature ( ° C) 576 675 739 781 842 945 } utes min in t { ) 1 t 8 log( 345 20 ? ? 7 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0 1200 2400 3600 Time (sec) Gas Temperature ( ° C) Typical EC1 Parametric fire curve External Fire Standard Fire Hydrocarbon Fire ? Fire resistance times based on standard furnace tests - NOT on survival in real fires. ? EC1 Parametric Fire temperature-time curves. Based on fire load and compartment properties (<500m 2 ). Only allowed with calculation models. Different EC1 time-temperature curves 8 Compartment T e m p e r a t u r e L o a d - b e a r i n g r e s i s t a n c e Time Time Fire severity time equivalent