中考英语之重点语法复习——被动语态.docVIP

考 试 要 求 中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态。 一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者(或执行者)。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例 如 Many people speak Chinese.? （谓语动词speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。） Chinese is spoken by many people.? （主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的承受者。） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化体现出来的。各种时态的被动语态构成如下： 1.一般现在时：am/is/are +?及物动词的过去分词 Football is played all over the world. 世界各地都在踢足球。 2.一般过去时：was/were +?及物动词的过去分词 His leg was hurt in an accident. 他的腿在一次事故中受伤了。 3.一般将来时：will/shall be +?及物动词的过去分词 More factories will be built in our city. 我们城市将建更多的工厂。 4. 现在进行时：am/is/are being + 及物动词的过去分词 A road is being built around the mountain. 这座山周围正在修一条路。 5. 过去进行时：was/were being +?及物动词的过去分词 We were being trained at this?time last year. 去年这个时候我们正在接受训练。 6.现在完成时：have/has been +?及物动词的过去分词 His book has been translated into many languages. 他的书已被译成多种语言。 7.过去完成时：had been +?及物动词的过去分词 A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 一所新学校已经在去年年底前建成。 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be +?及物动词的过去分词 The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 垃圾可以放在那边的垃圾桶里。 三、主动语态与被动语态的转换 1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2.把谓语动词变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中的时态来决定be的形式。 3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 例 如 All the people laughed at him.? → He was laughed at by all?the people. 所有人都嘲笑他。 They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory. 他们在工厂里制造这些自行车。 He cut down a tree.? → A tree was cut down by him. 他砍到了一棵树。 四、含双宾语的主动语态变被动语态 ?主动语态： 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 其他 主语 + 谓语动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词(for/to)? + 间接宾语 + 其他 ?被动语态： 间接宾语 + be +?过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用) 直接宾语?+ be +?过去分词 + 介词(for/to) +?间接宾语 + 其他 例 如 My father gave me a new book on my birthday.? → I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father).? → A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father).? 我的父亲在我的生日那天给了我一本新书。 My father bought me a new computer yesterday.→ I was bought a new computer yesterday (by my father).→ A new computer was bought for me yesterday (by my father).