10.9 体液免疫抗体产生的一般规律.pdf

三、体液免疫抗体产生的一般规律 一般规律主要是基于对TD抗原的应答存在初次应答和再 1 次应答的现象 初次接触Ag 初次应答 2 再次接触Ag 再次应答 需要的Ag量，潜伏期，产生的抗体浓度、种类、亲和力、 3 持续时间均有很大差异 4 关键在于记忆细胞 （一）体液免疫应答抗体产生的基本过程 抗原刺激 潜伏期 对数期 平台期 下降期 抗 体 滴 度 a) Lag phase - Clones of T and B cells with the appropriate antigen receptors bind antigen, become activated and begin to proliferate. The expanded clones of B cells differentiate into plasma cells which begin to secrete antibody. b) Log phase - As more B cells proliferate and differentiate into antibody secreting cells the antibody concentration increases exponentially. c) Stationary phase - As antigen is depleted, T and B cells are no longer activated. In addition, mechanisms which down regulate the immune response come into play. Furthermore, plasma cells begin to die. When the rate of antibody synthesis equals the rate of antibody decay the stationary phase is reached. d) Decline phase - When no new antibody is produced because the antigen is no longer present to activate T and B cells and the residual antibody slowly is degraded, the decay phase is reached. （二）初次应答和再次应答的概念 抗原初次侵入机体所引发的应答称 为初次应答 （primary immune response ）。 在机体对TD-Ag初次应答过程中能 诱导形成长寿命的记忆性T细胞和B 细胞，一旦再次遭遇相同抗原刺激， 可产生迅速、强烈、持久的免疫应 答，此即再次应答 (secondary immune response)。 （三）初次应答和再次应答抗体产生的特点 特 点 初次应答 再次应答