1.医学分子生物学 introduction.pdf

医学免疫学 Introduction to Immunology The real world: dancing with microorganisms fungi bacteria • We live surrounded by microorganisms, many of which cause disease. parasite virus The bacteria on a needle point The picture about black death plague （ ） th th th 6 century AD （520～565 ）、14 century AD （1346～1665）、19 century （1894～1920）: 3 times pandemic, death population: 25M～100M Pulmonary tuberculosis patient Fungi infection in the skin Roundworm infection A victim of smallpox Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV Pneumocystis carinii CMV infection Kaposi’s tumor SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome H7N9 Bird flu and MERS MERS: middle east respiratory syndrome Zika virus infection has rapidly emerged as a global threat Microcephaly cases • Despite this continual exposure to microorganisms we become ill only rarely. • How does the body defend itself? • When infection does occur, how does the body eliminate the invader and cure itself? • And why do we develop long-lasting immunity to many infectious diseases encountered once and overcome? •………… • These are the questions addressed by immunology. Immunology • The study of the way in which the body defends itself against invading organisms or internal invaders (tumors). • The study of the body’s defense against disease, especially infectious disease. • Contributing critical tools for research,