《旅游学概论》第二章--旅游的产生与发展.pptx

《旅游学概论》;第二章 旅游的产生与发展;第一节 十九世纪中叶以前的旅行发展 第二节 近代旅游的发展和旅游业的诞生 第三节 现代旅游的发展 第四节 中国旅游业的产生与发展 ;二、人类旅行的发展;第一节 十九世纪中叶以前的旅行发展;(一)奴隶社会的旅行活动中国奴隶制社会;西方奴隶制社会; 1480 B.C. 古埃及荷赛特女王访问旁特地区（非洲东海岸，今索马里）――世界上第一次以和平观光为目的的旅游活动。Probably the first journey ever made for purposes of peace and tourism was made by Queen Hatshepsut to the lands of Punt (believed to be on the east coast of Africa) in 1480 B.C. 底比斯的门农巨人是古代旅行者神往的地方，其底座雕刻着公元前5世纪希腊旅行家的名字记载。The Colossi of Memnon at Thebes have on their pedestals the names of Greek tourists of the 5th century B.C. ;（2700 B.C. 古埃及法老们开始利用尼罗河流域优质的建筑石料，精心建造他们的坟墓。包括德约瑟法老的阶梯式金字塔、狮身人面像以及坐落在吉萨的三大金字塔和建造在阿布色的金字塔群） 1600 B.C. -- 1200 B.C. 大批游客前往金字塔观赏，其主要动机是好奇荷纯粹的欣赏，并不含宗教因素。These great outdoor wonders began attracting large numbers as early as the New Kingdom from 1600 to 1200 B.C., yet their prime motivation was curiosity or disinterested enjoyment, not religion. ;776 B.C. 开始，城市国家的居民每个四年就聚集一次，通过参加体育比赛来纪念希腊神宙斯，这样就诞生了四个国家性的节日活动：奥运会、皮托竞技会、科林斯地峡运动会和尼米亚赛会，每个节日活动只向一个神供奉祭品并进行祷告。Beginning in 776 B.C., citizens of the city states came together every four years to honor Zeus through athletic competition. Eventually, four of these national festivals emerged: the Olympic Games, Pythian Games, Isthmian Games, and Nemean Games. Each festival included sacrifice and prayer to a single god. They honored the deity by offering up a superlative athletic or artistic performance. ; 334 B.C. 亚历山大一世在小亚细亚的以弗所(在现在的土耳其境内）建立了民主政府，仅在一个季节里，就有70万人涌入以弗所，观赏杂技表演、动物表演和魔术表演In Asia Minor, beginning with the installation of a democratic government in Ephesus by Alexander the Great in 334 B.C., some 700,000 tourists would crowd in Ephesus (in what is now Turkey) in a single season to be entertained by the acrobats, animal acts, jugglers, magicians, and prostitutes who filled the streets. ;(二)封建社会的旅行活动 1、? 中国封建社会;2、? 西方封建社会;著名的旅行家：;保健旅行。（health tour）Tourism owes a debt to medical practitioners who advocated the medicinal value of mineral waters and sent their patients to places where mineral sp