倾听所有声音：公民投票普遍的紧迫性.docxVIP

Table of Contents The Origins of this Report and a Note of Thanks 4 Preamble 6 Seeking the Consent of All of the Governed: Why We Should Want Higher Turnout 11 Lessons from Abroad 16 Is Civic Duty Voting Constitutional? 24 The Need for Persuasion: Where the Public Stands on Universal Civic Duty Voting 31 Responding to Objections to Civic Duty Voting 38 Paving the Way for Universal Voting: The Urgency of Complementary Reforms 43 Recommendations for Policy and Implementation 48 Conclusion: We Must Think and Act Anew 54 Endnotes 56 Th The Origins of this Report and a Note of Thanks In the fall of 2018, the Brookings Institution and the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation at Harvard Kennedy School launched the Universal Voting Working Group to study and advance the idea of universal civic duty voting in the United States. This report is the culmination of that work—and the beginning, we hope, of a larger conversation. Organized by Miles Rapoport, Ash Center Senior Practice Fellow in American Democracy, and E.J. Dionne Jr., Brookings Senior Fellow and Harvard Visiting Professor, the working group included 25 members. Amber Herrle, then of the Brookings Institution, took on the responsibilities of principal editor and project coordinator, and Cecily Hines made indispensable contributions throughout as an I organizer, editor, and advisor on legal issues. The full working group met five times for extended sessions, assembled subgroups on particular issues, and produced multiple internal memos on various aspects of the idea. Those memos laid the basis for substantial parts of this report. The working group examined comparative systems of civic duty voting, and three experts shared their scholarship on and practical involvement in such systems: Kim Beazley, former deputy prime minister of Australia; Jérémy Dodeigne, professor of political science at Université de Namur in Belgium; and Shane Singh of the Universi