土力学 (10)材料力学.pdf

Seepage force and critical hydraulic gradient (1) Seepage Force Flow of water through a soil mass results in a certain force named seepage force Gd The resistance to the seepage water for soil particles is T And T= -G =γ i d w The direction of seepage force is the same as the flow direction. The force can either increase or decrease the effective stress. Soil Mechanics-chapter2 Seepage force and critical hydraulic gradient For equilibrium γ h A +γ LAcosα-γ h A-TAL=0 w 1 w w 2 While cosα =(z -z )/L, z +h =H , z +h =H 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 i =(H -H )/L So T= γ i 1 2 w Soil Mechanics-chapter2 Seepage force and critical hydraulic gradient (2) Upward Seepage Though Soil The effective gravity per unit volume of soil mass is , that is W’ γ - γ = γ ’ sat w If G =γ i ≥ γ ’ d w The soil loses its strength and behaves like a viscous fluid, which will cause failure, such as boiling, heaving and piping. Soil Mechanics-chapter2 Seepage force and critical hydraulic gradient (3) Critical Hydraulic Gradient When G =γ i = γ ’ d w The value of hydraulic grad