必修五课文原文与翻译.pdfVIP

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2020-08-27 发布于江西
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必修五课文原文与翻译.pdf

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UNIT1 JOHNSNOWDEFEATS “KINGCHOLERA” JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon —soexpert ，indeed ， thathe attended QueenVictoriaasherpersonal physician .Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthe lpingordinarypeople exposedto cholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenorits cure w asunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwant edtofacethe challenge andsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausew asfound. Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsugg estedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfoundits victims .Thes econdsuggestedthatpeople absorbed thisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachth ediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied. JohnSnow suspected thatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.Sowhenanotherout breakhitLondonin1854 ， hewasreadytobeginhis enquiry .Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoor neighbourhoods ， hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets ， thecholeraoutbreakwasso severe thatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindout why. Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehim avaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.Manyofthedeathswerenearthewater pump inBroadStreet(es peciallynumbers16,37,38and40) ．Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8a nd9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnot foreseen this， sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Th eyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewat