The war of Independence 外语104班陈尼玛.ppt

The war of Independence The cause of the war. The war is inevitable A. the backdrop of home England. The monarch and parliament were locked in a fierce battle for supremacy – failed to formulate a well-founded and consistent policy for colonies – weak political control Haphazard development of colonies – follow their only plan. “ the settlement was never pursued upon any regular plan ; grew and flourished as accidents as climate. Colonies – were private ventures , by individuals and groups, chartered by British government but given little supervision. The running of colonies: a governor by crown or proprietors. He appointed some important people –council. Free inhabitant allowed to elect representatives to join the council who made up assemblies – managing colonial affair and passing ordinances. Britain's main concern with colonies – mercantilism; It passed a series of trade regulations– “ Navigation Acts( 1651 – 1696): all goods shipped to England and her colonies be carried in ships owned and manned by Englishmen. All foreign goods going to the English colonies had to be shipped via Britain , where they could be taxed Tobacco, sugar, lumber, cotton shipped to Britain for manufactured goods Spain and France – the rivals for Britain in expansion. Expansion lead to reduced size of living space of Indians French and Indian war. The French and Indian War referred as part of the larger conflict known as the Seven Years' War, was a war fought in North America between 1754 and 1763. The name French and Indian War refers to the two main enemies of the British: the royal French forces and the various Native American forces allied with them. The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between the nations of France and Great Britain, resulted in the British conquest of Canada.The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. To compensate its ally, Spain, for its loss of Florida to the British, France ceded its control of Fre