语言学 Linguistics语音学Phonetics配专八真题.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Speech Sounds  木章导读 1语音学 发音器官:咽腔、口腔、鼻腔 发音描述:宽式音标、严式音标 语音分类:元音、辅音 2音系学 音素、音位、音位变体 音位对立、互补分布和最小对立体 ·音位学规则:序列、同化、省略 超音段特征:重音、音调、语调 Chapter 2  .2.1 How Speech sounds are made? Language is asystem of vocal svmbols. Human beings are capable of making all kinds of sounds, but only some of these sounds which are meaningful in human communication have become units in the language system and constitute the phonic medium of language. . Linguists are not interested in all sounds but in speech sounds -sounds that convey meaning in human communication. .Speech sounds had existed long before writing was invented We can analyze speech sounds from various perspectives and the two major areas of study are phonetics and phonology.  Chapter 2 Speech Sounds Generalization of this chapter Articulatory(发声) Phonetics( Acoustic)(声学) (语音学) Speech ( Auditory)(听觉) Sounds (音位学)(音位)(音位变体) Phonology phonemes(allophones Chapter 2  Chapter 2 Speech Sounds Generalization of this chapter: organs Articulatory consonants broad (发声) speech phonetic sounds transcriptions vOwe eIs narrow (音位学) Phonological processes音位过程) Phonology Distinctive features(辨音特质) Chapter 2  Chapter 2 Speech Sounds 2.1 Speech production and perception A speech sound goes through a three-Step process as shown below Speaker A 口口 Speaker b speec eec SEen production transmission perception Articulatory (acoustic) (auditory the study of i the study of the physical i concerned with production of I properties of the sounds I the perception speech sounds I produced in speech of speech sounds Chapter 2  Chapter 2 Speech Sounds ·22 Speech organs 上中心 卞中心牙 0  ARYNX VOCAL FOLDS LUNGS  NASAL CAVITY PPER TEETH 长 FRONT RIDGE LIPS UVULA LOWER TEETH TONGUE PHARYNX GLOTTIS MANDIBLE  3、发音器官示意图 (1,2)上下唇。(3,4)上下齿 (5)齿龈。(6)硬腭。(7)软腭 (8)小舌。(9)鼻腔。(10)口腔 (11)咽腔。(12)舌尖。(13)舌 (14)舌面前和舌面中。 (15)舌面后或舌跟。 (16)会厌软骨。(17)食道。 15 (18)气管。(19)声带 (20)喉结。 1