生理学课件：细胞膜的物质转运功能.pptVIP

Role of Na-K pump in maintaining cell volume Response to cell shrinking Response to cell swelling Endocytosis and Exocytosis Alternative functions of endocytosis: Transcellular transport 2. Endosomal processing 3. Recycling the membrane 4. Destroying engulfed materials Endocytosis Exocytosis Two pathways of exocytosis Constitutive exocytosis pathway -- Many soluble proteins are continually secreted from the cell by the constitutive secretory pathway Regulated exocytosis pathway -- Selected proteins in the trans Golgi network are diverted into secretory vesicles, where the proteins are concentrated and stored until an extracellular signal stimulates their secretion Steps to exocytosis Vesicle trafficking: In this first step, the vesicle containing the waste product or chemical transmitter is transported through the cytoplasm towards the part of the cell from which it will be eliminated Vesicle tethering: As the vesicle approaches the cell membrane, it is secured and pulled towards the part of the cell from which it will be eliminated Vesicle docking: In this step, the vesicle comes in contact with the cell membrane, where it begins to chemical and physically merge with the proteins in the cell membrane Vesicle priming: In those cells where chemical transmitters are being released, this step involves the chemical preparations for the last step of exocytosis Vesicle fusion: In this last step, the proteins forming the walls of the vesicle merge with the cell membrane and breach, pushing the vesicle contents (waste products or chemical transmitters) out of the cell. This step is the primary mechanism for the increase in size of the cells plasma membrane Epithelial Transport（上皮转运） Measurement of voltage in an epithelium Models of epithelial solute transport Mechanisms of intestinal glucose absorption Models of “isotonic” water transport in a leaky epithelium Glands Summary Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Endocytosis and Exocytosis Epi