神经生物学课件：Sensory Systems.pptVIP

Peripheral chemical mediators of pain and hyperalgesia Hyperalgesia 痛觉过敏 舒缓激肽 bradykinin 前列腺素 prostaglandins P 物质 substance P The spinothalamic pathway The Endogenous Opiates Opiate 鸦片剂,麻醉剂 Opium and their analogues—including morphine, codeine, and heroin—are used and abused widely today, in most cultures of the world. Opioids produce profound analgesia when taken systemically. They can also produce mood changes. Opioid receptors endogenous morphine-like substances Endorphins : 痛觉缺失 Thermoreceptors Thermoreceptor TRP channels are tuned to detect different temperatures TRPM8 TRPV1 Adaptations of thermoreceptors. Thank You! LIJUN KANG INSTITUTE OF NEUROSCIENCE ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY KANGLIJUN@ZJU.EDU.CN 2015.05 Central Olfactory Pathways Glomerulus 嗅小球 Central Olfactory Pathways Broad tuning of single olfactory receptor cells. (a) Each receptor cell expresses a single olfactory receptor protein (here coded by cell color), and different cells are randomly scattered within a region of the epithelium. (b) Microelectrode recordings from three different cells show that each one responds to many different odors, but with differing preferences. By measuring responses from all three cells, each of the four odors can be clearly distinguished. Combinatorial model of olfactory coding one OR recognizes multiple odorants and that one odorant is recognized by multiple ORs, but that different odorants are recognized by different combinations of ORs Central Olfactory Pathways Part II： The Auditory Systems THE STRUCTURE OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM Anatomy of the Cochlea 耳蜗的三个管腔（前庭阶、中阶和鼓阶） Cochlea Hair Cells Depolarization of a hair cell Tip-Link Part III: The Somatic Sensory System Somatic sensation enables our body to feel, to ache, to chill, and to know what its parts are doing Touch Pain Temperature … Sensation of touch Receptive Field 感受野 Mechanoreceptors of the Skin Molecules that govern touch sensitivity in mammalian somatosensory neurons Piezo2 is required for Merkel-c