药理学 抗菌药概论 双语抗菌药物概论.pptVIP

Definitions Chemotherapy antibiotic antimicrobial drug antimicrobial spectrum broad-spectrum narrow-spectrum Definitions Chemotherapy is the drug treatment for the diseases caused by bacteria and the other pathologic microorganisms, parasites, and tumor cells. The objective of chemotherapy is to study and to apply the drugs that have highly selective toxicity to the pathogenic microorganisms and have no or less toxicity to the host. What is the ideal antimicrobial drug ? Have highly selective toxicity to the pathogenic microorganisms in host body Have no or less toxicity to the host. Low propensity for development of resistance. Not induce hypersensitivies in the host. Have rapid and extensive tissue distribution Be free of interactions with other drugs. Be relatively inexpensive Definitions ? Antimicrobial drugs are chemotherapeutic drugs. ? Two categories: – antibiotics Antimicrobial drugs produced by microorganisms. – synthetic drugs Antimicrobial drugs synthesized in the lab. “Antibiotic” is from antibiosis, meaning against life. Substances produced by various species of microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes— to kill or suppress the growth of other microorganisms. Definitions Definitions Chemotherapy antibiotic antimicrobial drug antimicrobial spectrum broad-spectrum narrow-spectrum Antimicrobial combination therapy ? Why not use 2 antibiotics all the time? – Antagonism – Cost – Increased risk of side effects – May actually enhance development of resistance inducible resistance – Interactions between drugs of different classes – Often unnecessary for maximal efficacy Misuses of Antibiotics Treatment of nonresponsive infections Therapy of fever of unknown origin Improper dosage Inappropriate reliance on chemotherapy alone Lack of adequate bacteriological information sum up the main points of the lesson antimicrobial activity bacteriostatic bactericidal Chemother