神经生物学（新版）课件：第二讲 成年脑内神经发生.pptx

成年脑内神经发生Neurogenesis in Adult Brain;The rise and fall of the‘‘central dogma of neurobiology’’;The belief that, in the adult life, neurons can only die and no new neurons are generated can be regarded as the ‘‘central dogma of neurobiology’’, which has strongly influenced basic and applied neuroscience research as well as clinical practice. The adult nervous system was considered a perennial tissue ;1. Clinical 2. Related to neural functions 3. Related to the theory of learning and memory 4. Technical and experimental (1) Specific diffusible glycoproteins：NGF、bFGF or FGF2、PDGF (2) Specific cellular markers: NSE, GFAP (3) 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) (4) New techniques: fluorescent and confocal microscopy (5) Gene transfer;Songbirds;What causes this increase in size?;1. History of adult neurogenesis;Landmarks in neurogenesis and NSC discoveries;Paton JA, Nottebohm FN. Neurons generated in the adult brain are recruited into functional circuits. Science 1984;225:1046–1048. Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Bjork-Eriksson T, Alborn AM, Nordborg C, et al. Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med 1998;4:1313–1317.;2. Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain;Human hippocampus;Mouse hippocampus;(2) 室管膜下区;Newly formed neural stem/progenitor cells progeny from the SVZ can replace granule cells in the olfactory bulbs of rodents, thus contributing to sophisticated odor behavior. SGZ-derived new granule cells, instead, integrate within the DG where they play an essential role in memory functions. ;Ernst A,?et al., Neurogenesis?in the?striatum?of the?adult?human?brain. Cell.?2014;56(5):1072-83. ;3. Evidence of adult neurogenesis in human;4. Adult neurogenesis in primates ;Yuan TF,?et al., Evidence of?adult neurogenesis?in non-human primates and human. Cell Tissue Res.?2014;358:17-23;5. The differences in targets of SVZ neurogenesis in rodent, primate and human;6. Neurogenic regions in different model organisms ;(1) The normal response of n