呼吸系统 气体交换英文版.ppt

呼吸系统 气体交换英文版 Gas Exchange 呼吸系统 气体交换英文版 Alveolar-Blood Gas Exchange Gas Exchange in the Tissues Transport in Blood 呼吸系统 气体交换英文版 The blood that enters the pulmonary capillaries is , of course ,systemic venous blood pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. Having come from the tissues, it has a relatively high PCO2 and a relatively low PO2. 呼吸系统 气体交换英文版 The differences in the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide on the two sides of the alveolar-capillary membrane result in the net diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to blood and of carbon dioxide from blood to alveoli. 呼吸系统 气体交换英文版 As this diffusion occurs, the capillary blood PO2 rises and its PCO2 falls . The net diffusion of these gases ceases when the capillary partial pressures become equal to those in the alveoli. In a normal person ,the rate at which oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse are so rapid and the blood flow through the capillaries so slow that compete equilibrium is reached well before the end of the capillaries. Thus ,the blood that leaves the pulmonary capillaries to return to the heart and be pumped into the systemic arteries has essentially the same PO2 and PCO2 as alveolar air. In lung affections or pulmonary edema ,some of the alveoli may become filled with fluid .Diffusion may also be impaired if the alveolar walls become thickened. Very importantly ,diffusion problems in the lung are restricted to oxygen and do not affect elimination of carbon dioxide ,which is much more diffusible than oxygen. 呼吸系统 气体交换英文版 Metabolic reactions occurring within cells are constantly consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide .Therefore , intracellular PO2 is lower and PCO2 higher than in blood .As the result ,there is a net diffusion of oxygen from blood into cells ,and a net diffusion of carbon dioxide from cells into blood. In this manner, as blood flows through systemic capillaries, its PO2 decreases and its PCO2 increases. 呼吸系统 气体交换英文版 Hemoglobin molecule Each iron atom can bind one