测绘工程专业英语翻译武汉大学.docx

Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying （大地测量与平面测量） Survey ing has bee n traditi on ally defi ned as the art and scie nee of determ ining the p ositi on of n atural and artificial features on, above or below the earth surface; and rep rese nting this in formati on in an alog form as a con toured map, paper plan or chart, or as figures in report tables, or in digital form as a three （测量传统定义为确定地dime nsional mathematical model stored in the compu ter. （测量传统定义为确定地 表、地下和地上的自然与人工地貌特征 【features 形态、特征】；并使之按比例【in analog form】测绘成地形图【con toured map】 平面图【paper p la n】或图表，或形成报告图表， 或以数字形式形成三维立体数学模型存储进计算机。） As such, the surveyor/geodesist dealt with the p hysical and mathematical aspect of measurement.（同样的，测量员/大地测量学家处理的就是测量出的物理的和数学的特 征） The accurate determ in ati on and monumen tati on【标石、标志】of p oi nts on the surface （因此精确确定并标定地表点位 （因此精确确定并标定地表点位 便成为测量的主要任务） Though these surveys are for various purposes, still the basic operations are the same---they invo Ive measureme nts and compu tatio ns or, basically, fieldwork and office work.（虽然测量工作有不同目的， 基本的操作去卩都一样 他们包括测量和计算， 或更基本地称之为，外业工作和内业工作） There are many differe nt types of surveys such as land surveys, route surveys, city surveys, con struct ion surveys, hydrogra phic surveys, etc., but gen erally sp eak ing, survey ing is divided into two major categories: geodetic and planesurvey ing. （测量分为许多不同的类型，如土地测量，路线测量，城市测量，建筑测量,水道测量等等，但是总的来说，测量分为两个主要的种类：大地测量和平面测量）Surveys will either take in to acco unt the true sha pe of the Earth ( Geodetic surveys)or treat the earth as a flat surface (Plane surveys).（是考虑地球真实形状的大地测量还是将地球当成一个平面的平面测量【紧跟着上句】 ）Additi on ally, surveys are con ducted【表现】for the purp ose of p ositi oning featureson the ground(Horizontal surveys), determining the elevation or heights offeatures(Vertical surveys) or a comb in ati on of both.（另外，测量还分为确定平面 sp eak ing, survey ing is divided into two major categories: geodetic and plane survey ing. （测量分为许多不同的类型，如土地测量，路线测量，城市测量，建筑测量, 水道测量等等，但是总的来说，测量分为两个主要的种类：大地测量和平面测量） Surveys