机械设计基础A课件：第 三 讲 表达机件的常用方法-2.ppt

* * 机械图样的五种基本表示法 Five basic methods for mechanical part drawing： 视图 Views 2.剖视图 Sectional Views （剖切平面的种类 Types of cutting plane ） 3. 断面图Cross-Sections 4. 局部放大图Local Enlarged Views 简化画法 Conventional drawing 介绍第三角画法 Third-angle projection 第 三 讲 表达机件的常用方法-II Fundamental methods for representation of mechanical parts 技术制图国家标准GB/T 4458.1—2002 规定 全剖、半剖、局部剖 * 用局部视图替换左视图。Replace the left side view by a local sectional view. * * 3.1 剖切平面的种类及适用条件 1.单一剖切平面Single cutting plane 全剖 Full section 半剖 Half section 局部剖 Broken-out section 斜剖视 Inclined section * ⒉ 两相交的剖切平面（旋转剖）Intersecting cutting plane (Aligned section) A A A A－A A A 当机件的内部结构形状用一个剖切平面剖切不能表达完全，且机件又具有回转轴时。As the interior structure of one part which revolves about an axis can’t be represented completely by one cutting plane section . 方法： 用几个相交的剖切平面将机件剖开，先将与倾斜剖切平面接触的结构要素及相关部分转正，再进行投影。Cutting the part with two intersecting planes and rotating the aligned section view of the part about an axis ,then projecting it. 此处无 交线 No intersecting line 旋转剖视图 aligned sectional view 为避免实体化的感觉，肋板的纵向剖切不画剖面线。To avoid the impression of solidity, a section not showing the ribs section-lined is preferred 纵向剖切到的肋板的真实投影可能会给读图人以误解。 A true-projection sectional view of a part, would be misleading when the cutting plane passed longitudinally through the center of the rib. * ⒊ 几个平行的剖切平面 Parallel cutting planes （阶梯剖offset section ） 当机件上的孔槽及空腔等内部结构不在同一平面内时。 Offset sections are used for complex parts that have a number of important features that cannot be sectioned using a straight cutting plane. A A A A A－A * ⒊ 几个平行的剖切平面 （阶梯剖offset section ） ☆ 注意问题： ① 两剖切平面的转折处不应与图上的轮廓线重合，在剖视图上不应在转折处画线。The change of plane that occurs when the cutting plane is bent 90 degrees is not represented with lines in the section view. ② 在剖视图内不能出现不完整的要素。只有当两个要素有公共对称中心线或轴线时，可以此为界各画一半。 There shouldn’t be incomplete feature on the section except when two feat