画法几何课件：第三讲 直线的投影.pptVIP

d? a b c a? b? c? ● ● d 例2：过C点作直线与AB垂直相交。 Construct line perpendicular to line AB through point C AB为正平线, 正 面投影反映直角。 As a frontal line ,the V projection of AB appear the true 90o . 应用举例 Application examples k ?Y k? a? a b` b c c? 分析：过A作BC的垂线, 垂足为K ? 注意:求距离包括投影和实长 DIstance means both projections and true length 求点到直线的距离 Distance from point to line 例3.已知A点和直线BC的V投影 和H投影, 求A点到BC的距离。 Find the distance between point A and line BC. ?Y 实长 3D: AK?BC BC//H面 2D: ak?bc A B C K 步骤Steps: (1)H：过a作bc的垂线, 垂足为k H: Draw line perpendicular to bc through point ‘a’, perpendicular foot ‘k’ (2)根据直线投影规律, 可得a?k? ak- a?k? (3)由直角三角形法可求AK实长True length by right Triangle Method k k? a? ? a b? b c ?c? 分析Analysis ： 实质为求交叉两直线的公垂线问题 Common perpendicular (1)公垂线既垂直于直线L,也垂直于直线AB。 Line perpendicular to both AB and L. (2)因为AB为正垂线, 所以其公垂线必平行于V面。 The common perpendicular must be parallel to V because line AB is a V-perpendicular line ? 注意:求距离包括投影和实长 DIstance means both projections and true length 求两交叉直线间的距离 Distance between two skew lines 例5. 已知AB为正垂线, 又知直线L的V投影和H投影, 求两直线间的距离。 AB is a V-perpendicular line .Determine the distance between AB and L. 实长 步骤Steps: (1)V：过a?作l?的垂线, 垂足为k?， k?c?为公垂线的V投影 V:Draw k?c? ? l? (2)根据点的投影规律, 可得k K?-K (3)由直角投影定理，可得kc Right triangle-kc ( 3D: KC?AB KC // V面 2D: kc?ab） l? l 小结 Summary ⒈ 一般位置直线General position lines 三个投影与各投影轴都倾斜。 All three projections inclined to the axes. ⒉ 投影面平行线lines parallel to projection planes 在其平行的投影面上的投影反映线段实长及与相应投影面的夹角。另两个投影平行于相应的投影轴。 When a line is parallel to a projection plane, its projection upon that plane will be the true length of the line. Its projection on the adjacent planes will be parallel to the projection axis. ⒊ 投影面垂直线Lines perpendicular to a projection plane 在其垂直的投影面上的投影积聚为一点。另两个投影反映实长且垂直于相应的投影轴。 When a line is perpendicular to a projection plane, it appears as a point upon that plane.Its projection on the adjacent planes will be perpendicular to the corresponding p