句子成分及句子结构.docx

句子结构及成分 及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时， 这个动词是及物动词。 实义动词后面不跟宾语时， 此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. He opened the door. The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填 vt. ，不及物填 vi. 。 考点 1. Most birds can fly . （ ） 考点 2. The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点 3. It happened yesterday. （ ） 考点 4. My watch stopped . （ ） 考点 5. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点 6. She spoke at the meeting this morning. （ ） 考点 7. Shall I begin at once? （ ） 考点 8. She began working as a teacher after she left school. （ ）（ ） 考点 9. When did they leave Beijing? （ ） 考点 10. They left last week. （ ） 实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。 实义动词也叫行为动 词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如： He lives quite near. (live “住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。 I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。 ） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。  )  ） 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。 因此， 助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。  语态、 帮助构成时态的： The boy  is  has  arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English? He doesn’t have lunch at home. Trees are planted in spring. The house has been pulled down. If he had come yesterday, I wouldn ’t have made such a mistake. So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday. 帮助构成强调意义的 He did  come yesterday.  ( 他昨天确实来过。  did  起强调作用，没有具体意义，是助动词。  ) 因此可以看出，常见的助动词为  do, be, have  ，它们为基本助动词。 一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。 He  did  his homework at seven o  ’clock. Did  he  do his homework yesterday? He has had  breakfast. 指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。 Does ( ) helike ( ) swimming? ii.  He  does  (  )  like  ( ) swimming. iii.  Where  does(  ) he  live  ( )? He does ( ) some washing after work. He has ( ) had ( ) supper already. vi. The bridge  has( )  been( )  built  ( ) now. vii. I have ( )  been (  ) waiting ( ) for you all day. He was ( )struck ( ) by a stone. 情态动词 情态动词同助动词一样， 不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。 因此，情态动词