初中八年级的英语语法现在完成时复习总结练练习习题包括答案.doc

精品文档 一、 解： 在完成 （1）构成： 在完成 由助 have + 去分 构成，助 have 有人称和数的 化。第三人称 数用 has，其余用 have. 在完成 的否定式直接在助 后面加上 not 、疑 式是把 助 提到主 之前。以 study 例，其否定式、疑 式和 回答形式如下： 否定式 I have not (haven ’ t) studied You have not (haven’t) studied?. He has not (hasn’ t) studied?.  疑 式 ?.Have I studied?? Have you studied?? Has he studied?? 否定疑 式 回答（肯定 / 否定） Have I not (Haven’t I) Yes, you have. No, you haven’ t. studied? ? Have you not (Haven’ t you) Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. studied? ? Has he not (Hasn’t he) Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. studied? ? . 精品文档 （2）用法： 1） 在完成 通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的 状 。 人 的是 作或状 在的 果或影响 。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿 出去。 I ’m sure we’ ve met before. 我肯定我 以前 面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持 到 在的 作或状 ，往往和包括 在在内的 表示一段 的状 用，如 recently, already, just, lately, for ? , since? ,yet 等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 些日子我没有收到她 的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我 没有 到你。 They have been away for two years. 他 离开已 两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： a) since 和 for 的区 since 后接 点， 如 1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for 后接一段 ， 表示“ 达多久”，如 ten years, a while, . 精品文档 two days 等。 Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空 Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. India has been an independent country ______1974. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用， 因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： . 精品文档 He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes 2）have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：