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2018 年 6 月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析(卷二)
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty
years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report
by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in
2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed
and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s
measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like
employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is basedon surveys rather than data.
Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic
well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by
Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of
economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive
than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person
but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be
used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose
we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only
60% as high as th
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