最全备课精讲精练中考英语语法专题八时态语态专题十三主谓一致.docxVIP

专题十三主谓一致 【命题趋势】主谓一致是各地中考重点考查的语法项目之一，以考查主谓一致三原则为主。 【考点归纳】 语法一致 意义一致 就近一致 【语法精讲】 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致通常有三种原则：语法一致、 意义一致和就近一致。 一、语法一致 （一） 谓语动词用单数的情况 1）主语是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如： Tom is a good stude nt. 2）主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词 时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： There is some milk in the fridge. There are five cartons of milk in the fridge. 3） 单个动词不定式、动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： To become a doctor is her wish. Help ing others is her great happ in ess. 4） “ much, little, a little, much more, a great deal of, an amount of+ 不可数名词”作主语时，谓 语动词用单数。例如： There is little water in the bottle. A great deal of time has bee n wasted by now. （二） 谓语动词用复数的情况 1） 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： They ofte n play football on the playgro und. 2） 由两部分构成的物体的名词，如 glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, jeans, gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： My glasses are on the desk.我的眼睛在书桌上。 【超级点津】 如果这类名词前用了 a pair of等表示数量的名词， 则谓语动词的单复数形式往 往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。例如： Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 用and或both…anc连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语谓语动词用复数形式。 例如： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用 复数形式。例如： There are only a few people who can live to 100. 只有少数人能活到 100 岁。 Both of them are in my class.他们两个都在我的班里 三、根据主语中名词的单复数而定 当主语有 with, as well as, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, plus, besides, in addition to等结构跟在主语后面时，不能看作是并列主语，可以看作是插入 语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如： The teacher together with some stude nts is visit ing the museum. Tom as well as I wants to go boati ng. The woman together with her daughter and son is sitting on the sofa. All but one were here just now. some of, all of, most of, plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, none of, rest of, part of 以及等后面 加上可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常与 of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如: { Most of his money is spe nt on computer games. Most of the stude nts are tak ing an active part in sports. { There is ple nty of water in the bottle. There are ple nty of balls in th