中考被动语态.docVIP

2中考被动语态 英语有两种语态，既主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。 一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化1）一般过去时 was/were done 2) 一般现在时am/is/are done 3）一般将来时shall/will be done 4）一般过去将来时 should/would be done 5）过去进行时was/were being done 6）现在进行时 am/is /are being done 7）过去完成时had been done? 8）现在完成时has /have been done 9）将来完成时 shall/will have been done 10) 过去将来完成 would have been done ?2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式?1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。  Baby-sitter should take good care of the baby. 　→The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 　 We can repair this watch in two days. 　→ ??2) 当“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构变为被动语态时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。 My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) →A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) Our teacher had bought us a computer last week. 　 → ? 3) 当“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。? Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. →The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. All the villagers painted their houses white. → 4）在使役动词have, make , let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. →A stranger was seen to walk into the building. We have never made him face it before. → ?5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 We put off the meeting till Friday. →The meeting is to be put off till Friday. ? All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. 二、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型某些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： It is said that… 据说 It is reported that…据报道 It is believed that…大家相信 It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that…众所周知 It is thought that…大家认为 It is suggested that…据建议