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High-Rise Buildings
Introduction
It is difficult to define a high-rise building . One may say that a
low-rise building ranges from 1 to 2 stories . A medium-rise building
probably ranges between 3 or 4 stories up to 10 or 20 stories or more .
Although the basic principles of vertical and horizontal subsystem
design
remain the
same for low-
, medium- , or high-rise
buildings
,
when
a building
gets
high
the vertical
subsystems becomea controlling
problem
for two reasons . Higher vertical loads will require larger columns ,
walls , and shafts . But , more significantly , the overturning moment
and the
shear
deflections
produced by lateral
forces
are
much larger
and
must be carefully provided for .
The vertical subsystems in a high-rise building transmit accumulated
gravity load from story to story , thus requiring larger column or wall
sections
to
support
such loading .
In
addition
these
same vertical
subsystems must transmit
lateral
loads , such as wind or seismic
loads ,
to the
foundations.
However , in contrast
to
vertical
load
, lateral
load
effects on buildings are not linear and increase rapidly with increase
in height . For example under wind load , the overturning moment at the
base of buildings varies approximately as the square of a buildings may
vary as the fourth
power of buildings
height , other
things being equal.
Earthquake produces an even more pronounced effect.
When the structure for a low-or medium-rise building is designed for
dead and live
load
,
it
is almost
an inherent
property
that
the
columns ,
walls , and stair or elevator shafts can carry most of the horizontal
forces . The problem is primarily one of shear resistance . Moderate
addition bracing for rigid frames in
“short ”buildings can easily be
provided
by
filling
certain
panels ( or even all
panels
)
without
increasing the sizes of the columns and girders otherwise required for
vertical loads.
Unfortunately , this is not is for high-rise buildings because the
problem is
primari
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