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• The deductive method
• The inductive method
• The guided discovery method
The deductive method relies on reasoning, analysing and
comparing. First, the teacher writes an example on the board or
draws attention to an example in the textbook. Then the
teacher explains the underlying rules regarding the forms and
positions of certain structural words. The explanations are
often done in the student’s native language and use
grammatical terms. Sometimes, comparisons are made between
the native language and the target language or between the
newly presented structure and previously learned structures.
Finally, the students practise applying the rule to produce
sentences with given prompts.
Example
• Teacher writes ‘I went shopping yesterday’
on the board
• Teacher translates
• Teacher explains the Past Simple form and
meaning in L1
How will students react to this?
•Deductive
method
Example:
Module 2, p.57
Discuss
It often teaches grammar in an
isolated way;
Little attention is paid to meaning;
Practice is often mechanical.
The teacher provides learners with authentic
language data in meaningful context and
induces the learners to realise grammar rules
without any form of explicit explanation. It is
believed that the rules will become evident if
the students are given enough appropriate
examples.
An alternative example
Simple past tense
• Fairy tale – Little Red Riding Hood
• Adapt story to suit age/language ability
• Students listen and understand the story by
sequencing pictures (see worksheet 1)
• Students listen and act out story
• Focus on the past simple used to sequence
the events in the narrative
• Teacher checks meaning and highlights
form
Sample of Little Red Riding Hood
Once upon a time there lived a little country girl, the prettiest
creature who was e
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