重大突发自然灾害论文：中美两国政府应对重大突发自然灾害机制的比较研究.docxVIP

重大突发自然灾害论文：中美两国政府应对重大突发自然灾 害机制的比较研究 【中文摘要】我国是白然灾害高发国家之一，如何预防、应对灾 害,构建并完善突发白然灾害应急管理机制已成为我国现阶段面临的 紧迫而重大的课题。本文主要以“ 2008汶川地震”和“卡特里娜” 飓风等典型的白然灾害事件为切入点，从中美应对突发白然灾害事件 的应急组织机制、应急物资管理机制和应急信息沟通机制三个方面来 比较分析。在灾害应急管理机制中，两国有着不同的应急组织管理机 构、不同的应急物资储备的和输送方式、 不同的灾情信息传播沟通等 机制。通过对中美两国应急管理机制的现状及存在的主要问题和经验 两个方面进行比较之后，得出了两国应急机制存在差异的主要原因： 两国国家结构形式的不同和政府职能的差异。 我国实行的是单一制的 国家结构形式，也就决定了我国政府职能的垂直性，地方政府必须服 从中央政府的统一领导，缺乏相应的监督机制。而美国实行联邦制， 联邦和州、地方政府之间不存在上下隶属关系，联邦与地方是分权合 作型的关系，因此他们分别设有白己的应急管理机构。 同时，提炼出中 国应急机制中存在的一些优势，如救灾反应迅速、集中力量办大事的 优越性也充分体现出来。最后，从美国应对突发白然灾害机制中借鉴 其成功的经验，以逐步完善我国白然灾害应急管理系统。 【英文摘要】 China is a country of high incidence of natural disasters. How to prevent, respond to disasters, build and improve the emergency management mechanism of sudden natural disasters has become an urgent and important issue to our country. This article mainly takes “2008 Wen Chuan earthquakes ” and “Katrina ” hurricane and other natural disasters as the breakthrough point, from the emergency organization mechanism of responding to sudden natural disasters, the emergency supplies management mechanism and emergency managementcommunication mechanism three aspects of information Comparative analysis on China and US. In the disaster emergency management mechanism, two countries have different emergency management organizations, different emergency supplies way and training, and different helpful information communication mechanism and so on.From comparing the two countries emergency management mechanism in present situation and the main existing problems and experience, this article draw a conclusion of the difference of the two countries emergency mechanism:the difference of the form of state structure and government functions. China has adopted a unitary state structural, so our government functions are the singleton. The local government must obey the central government s unified leadership so that it lacks the appropriate monitoring mechanism. But the US implements the federal. Federal and the local government