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Definitions of Obesity
A) How does one define when a person is considered to be
obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight
tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is
simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B) The World Health Organization recommends using
a formula that takes into account a person's height and
weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing
the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height
in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of
18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between
25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of
over 30 is considered to be obese.
C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it
does not take into account such variables as age, gender and
ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic
groups have very different fat distributions. Another
shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very
muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can
also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National
Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the
International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define
obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.
Health Effects of Obesity
D) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates
wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die
earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains
very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's
physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk
of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset
diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to
control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose
and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association
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between obesity and coronary heart disease is also
well-known.
Cancer
E) Furthermore, i
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