4.8 风险分担与集中式库存控制.pdf

供应链系统库存管理 Risk Pooling Centralized inventory control 1 （1 ）与不确定性需求有关的几条原则 （2 ）风险分担的案例 （3 ）集中系统与分散系统的库存比较 （4 ）集中系统与分散系统的权衡 2 （1 ）与不确定性需求有关的几条原则 • Aggregated(汇聚的) forecast is more accurate • Demand variability is reduced if one aggregates demand across locations. - High demand from one customer may be offset by low demand from another. • Reduction in variability allows a decrease in safety stock and therefore reduces average inventory. ss Z  üStandard deviation,   L üCoefficient of variation, cv =  / 3 (2) ACME: Risk Pooling Case • Electronic equipment manufacturer and distributor • 2 warehouses for distribution in Massachusetts and New Jersey (partitioning the northeast market into two regions) • Each retailer (Customer) is assigned to a single market (warehouse) • Warehouses receive materials from Chicago • Current rule: 97 % service level (3 % probability of stock-out) 4 lCurrent distribution systems: Warehouse One Market One Massachusetts Supplier •Chicago Warehouse Two Market Two New Jersey Problems: - over 7 years ago -1,500 products -10,000 customers in Northeast. Considering an alternative logistics strategy l New Idea • Replace the 2 warehouses with a single warehouse • The same service level 97 % • Delivery lead times may increase • But may